This increase was accounted for by BDNF exon 6 variant. In cultured hippocampal neurons, application of serotonin or norepinephrine (10-50 mu M) induced increase in synaptic transmission and targeting of BDNF mRNA

in dendrites. The increased expression of BDNF in CA3 dendrites following antidepressants or exercise further supports the neurotrophin hypothesis of antidepressants action and confirms that the differential subcellular localization of BDNF mRNA splice variants provides a spatial code for a selective expression of BDNF in specific subcellular districts. This selective expression may be exploited to design more specific antidepressants. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 1600-1611; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.5; published online 8 February 2012″
“Lipin family proteins Staurosporine are emerging as crucial regulators of lipid metabolism. In triglyceride synthesis, lipins act BAY 11-7082 cost as lipid phosphatase enzymes at the endoplasmic reticular membrane, catalyzing the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol, which is the

penultimate step in this process. However, lipin proteins are not integral membrane proteins, and can rapidly translocate within the cell. In fact, emerging evidence suggests that lipins also play crucial roles in the nucleus as transcriptional regulatory proteins. Thus, lipins are poised to regulate cellular lipid metabolism at multiple regulatory nodal points. This review summarizes the history of lipin proteins, and discusses the current state of our understanding 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase of lipin biology.”
“Previous studies suggest disturbances of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), independently of thyroid function disorders.

In the present prospective study, neuropsychological testing was performed for the first time in 26 euthyroid patients with HT compared to 25 euthyroid patients undergoing hormonal treatment for goitre or after thyroid surgery.

We investigated executive function, attention, visual and verbal memory as well as acoustic

working memory with established neuropsychological tests and detected no significant differences between the two groups. In addition, test results were expressed as z-score which is defined as the deviation of an individual’s value from the mean value of a reference population, divided by the standard deviation of the reference population. Thereby, we found significantly more HT patients with a z-score of less than -1.5 in the d2 test than in the control group (total score I, HT vs. control group: 10 vs. 3, p = 0.0302; total score II, HT vs. control group: 11 vs. 1, p = 0.0013). The d2 test, which measures processing speed, rule compliance, and quality of performance, allows for a neuropsychological estimation of individual attention performance.