This effect is dependent on,

but not exclusive of, the av

This effect is dependent on,

but not exclusive of, the available space in the thymus. Our data also demonstrate that MCP-1/CCR2 (where MCP-1 is monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) interaction is responsible for the infiltration of peripheral cells to the thymus in these Th1-inflammatory/infectious situations. Finally, systemic expression of IL-12 and IL-18 produced during the inflammatory process is ultimately responsible for these migratory events. The thymus is the primary source of T cells for peripheral lymphoid organs. T cells VX-765 concentration produced in the thymus migrate to the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs), especially early in life. The reverse pathway, that is, mature T cells migrating from the periphery back into the thymus is less often considered although some studies have shown that this is a common pathway in healthy animals [1-5]. Moreover, it has been suggested that this pathway might preferentially be used by activated T cells [4, 6-8]. For example, it was shown that activated T cells homed to the thymus, and see more represented approximately 0.4% of mature T thymocytes [6]. Others have shown that, as compared with naive CD4+

T cells, there is a preferential accumulation of antigen-experienced T cells in the rat thymus [9]. Interestingly, the rate of homing was greatly increased when thymocyte depletion occurred after host irradiation [6]. In any case, selleck kinase inhibitor accumulation of peripheral T cells within the thymus is largely restricted to the medulla [6,

10]. Although a small number of mature B cells can be found in a healthy thymus, the migration of peripheral B cells to the thymic medulla could increase several fold in certain pathological situations such as thymic lymphoma [11] and certain autoimmune diseases murine models [12]. The functional consequences of cellular migration of both T and B cells back to the thymus have been addressed by several investigators. For example, it has been proposed that B cells enter the thymus in order to achieve T-cell tolerance to immunoglobulins and to other B-cell-specific antigens [13]. Moreover, it has also been proposed that B cells found in the thymus could participate in negative selection by acting as Ag-presenting cells [14]. As for T cells, it has been proposed that the thymus can function as a repository of memory T cells [15], while others have demonstrated an important role of peripheral mature T cells in central tolerance during the processes of positive and negative selection in the thymus [10, 16]. It has also been proposed that migrating lymphocytes can participate in transplantation tolerance [17] and that mature T cells in the thymus are important in maintaining medullary epithelial cells [18]. Whereas naïve syngeneic T cells preferentially home to the peripheral lymphoid organs, they rarely reenter the thymus.

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