(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2282-2286, 2009″
“In this paper we report phonon dynamics Citarinostat in chemically synthesized Zn1-xMgxO (0 <= x <= 0.07) and Zn1-yCdyO (0 <= y <= 0.03) alloy nanostructures of sizes similar to 10 nm using nonresonant Raman and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Substitution by Mg makes the unit cell compact while Cd substitution leads to unit cell expansion. On alloying, both A(1) (LO) and E-1 (LO) mode of wurtzite ZnO show blueshift for Zn1-xMgxO and

redshift for Zn1-yCdyO alloy nanostructures due to mass defect and volume change induced by the impurity atoms. Significant shift has been observed in E-1 (LO) mode for Zn1-xMgxO (73 cm(-1) for x=0.07) and Zn1-yCdyO (17 cm(-1) for y=0.03) nanostructures. The variation in Zn(Mg,Cd)-O bond length determined from the blue- (red-) shift of IR bands on alloying with Mg (Cd) is consistent

with their respective ionic sizes and the structural changes predicted by x-ray diffraction study. However, on progressive alloying one can detect phase segregation (due to presence of interstitial Mg and Cd ions) in the alloy nanostructures for relatively higher Mg and Cd concentrations. This is confirmed by the gradual absence of the characteristic IR and Raman bands of wurtzite ZnO near 400-600 cm(-1) as well as by x-ray EX 527 Epigenetics inhibitor and TEM studies. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3243341]“
“Objective-To investigate the effect of intraoperative extradural morphine administration on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery to treat disk extrusion.

Design-Prospective clinical trial.

Animals-26 client-owned dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery.

Procedures-Animals were randomly allocated to receive morphine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], extradurally) or no treatment (control group). Following learn more preanesthetic medication with methadone (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IM), anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen.

Lidocaine and fentanyl were administered during surgery in both groups at fixed rates. In the morphine administration group, morphine was splashed over the dura mater immediately prior to wound closure. Postoperative analgesia was assessed for 48 hours by assessors unaware of group allocation, and methadone was administered as rescue analgesic. Demographic characteristics, urinary output, days of hospitalization, and perioperative use of analgesics were compared via a Mann-Whitney U test.

Results-Demographic data were similar between groups. In the morphine administration group, 2 of 13 dogs required postoperative methadone, and in the control group, methadone was administered to 11 of 13 dogs. The total number of doses of methadone administered in the 48 hours after surgery was 28 in the control group and 3 in the morphine administration group.