(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“A microscopic AP26113 mouse theory is presented for electron cotunneling through quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime. Beyond the semiclassic framework of phenomenological models,

a fully quantum mechanical solution for cotunneling of electrons through a one-dimensional quantum dot is obtained by using a quantum transmitting boundary method without any. fitting parameters. Elastic and inelastic cotunneling conductance is calculated as a function of the energy of the incident electron. It is revealed that the cotunneling current contains a significant term proportional to V(2) (V being the bias voltage) in additional to the well-known V(3) term. The result also indicates that the cotunneling conductance exhibits little dependence on the spin configuration of the incident and confined electrons. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475148]“
“The state of dispersion, the viscoelastic properties and the mechanical properties (such as Young’s modulus, ductibility, penetration, and Fraas breaking point) of polymer-modified bitumen are investigated Bitumen was modified

with low-density polyethylene from processed bags (PE(bags)) and styrene-butadiene random block copolymer (SBR) The blends Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library solubility dmso were characterized by optical microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and other conventional methods Photomicrographs indicated that different morphologies were obtained, PE(bags) gave dispersions with almost spherical polymer particles, Bak protein whereas in the case of SBR, fibrillar domains were observed DMTA measurements indicated significant

changes of the storage and loss moduli of modified bitumen, depending on the polymer content in the bitumen matrix, these values were three to four times higher compared with neat bitumen. Blends with SBR showed a significantly Increased resistance to cracking at low temperatures due to decrease of the glass transition temperature from -14 to -34 degrees C Contrary, PE(bags) gave better results at higher temperatures where as a result of the increased resistance to permanent deformation the softening point of modified bitumen was shifted from 52 to 73 degrees C It was also investigated the influence of mixtures of PE(bags)/SBR on the properties of bitumen as function of the composition and ratio between PE(bags) and SBR. It was found that the best Improvement in deformation resistance, permanent deformation, and cracking of bitumen was achieved with the addition of PE(bags)/SBR mixture as the rubber increased the bitumen properties at low temperatures and the polyolefin at high temperatures (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Appl Polym Sci 118 1320-1330, 2010″
“The efficiencies of fumaric, maleic. and sulfuric acid in wheat straw pretreatment were compared. As a measure for pretreatment efficiency, enzymatic digestibility of the lignocellulose was determined.