80 95% CI 4.31–405.1, P = 0.001). Among 14 patients who received operation initially, six (42%) patients had recurrence. One patient received radiofrequency

ablation; three (50%) patients received TAE combined with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and one patient received chemotherapy due to lung metastasis and one patient received traditional herb therapy. Of the nine (75%) out of 12 patients who received percutaneous local ablation and had recurrence, six (66.6%) patients received TAE combined with PEI, one patient received TAE alone, one patient received PEI alone and one patient received BGB324 traditional herb therapy. Of the 34 (77%) out of 44 patients who received TAE and had recurrence, 20 patients received TAE, seven (20%) patients received TAE combined with PEI, five patients received percutaneous local ablation therapy and two patients received radiation therapy. In the current, large-scale study, a total of 61 318 adults aged 40 years or more were screened for HCC, and 97 cases were detected. This prevalence of HCC (158/105) is three to five times higher than the reported annual incidence in Taiwan, and may be associated with an earlier detection of more asymptomatic or subclinical HCC cases. More than half of the cases (n = 51, 52.6%) detected were in the very early or early stage of HCC, and thus

were detected early enough to have a chance of treatment being effective. As based on the practice guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD), cases of either very early or early stage HCC should receive

curative treatment, cases of intermediate stage click here be treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and cases beyond the intermediate stage should DNA Methyltransferas inhibitor undergo either experimental or conservative treatment.26 In the current study, 70 of the 88 treatable cases (79.5%) received heterogeneous treatment in one of nine hospitals with various facilities because a national consensus or practice guidelines do not exist, the selection of treatment modalities varied from doctor to doctor. In addition, 18 treatable cases resisted our suggestions and chose either alternative medicine or no active treatment, which suggests that post-screening education and consultation services should be augmented. In order to demonstrate the survival benefit in the screening cases, a randomized controlled study provided the best evidence. However, ethical problems are a major concern in carrying out this kind of study. According to the randomized controlled study of Zhang et al.,11 3-year and 4-year survival rates were 7.2% and 0% in the control group who did not receive the screening program. In the current study, 3-year and 4-year overall survival rate was 56.8% and 46.8%, respectively, in patients that received community screening, which was higher than the historical control.