These observations provide evidence that AHN-1055 does not behave as a classical psychomotor stimulant and that some of its properties, including attenuation of cocaine-induced striatal c-Fos expression, locomotor stimulation, and CPP, support its candidacy, and that of structurally related molecules, as possible pharmacotherapies in cocaine addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology (2009) 34, 2497-2507; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.78; published online 15 July 2009″
“The kidney and brain expressed protein gene (KIBRA) and the calsyntenin 2 gene (CLSTN2) are reportedly involved in synaptic plasticity.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs17070145 (KIBRA) and rs6439886 (CLSTN2) have been found VE-821 nmr to affect memory performance measures. This study examined the association of KIBRA SNP rs17070145 and CLSTN2 SNPs rs6439886 and rs17348572 (a nonsynonymous variant) with cognitive flexibility in 674 African Americans (AAs; 526 current smokers) and 419 European Americans (EAs; 318 current smokers). The subjects’ cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The effects on cognitive flexibility of sex, age, education,

and tobacco recency (a possible mediator of gene effects in smokers), the three SNPs, and the interaction of each SNP with tobacco recency were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. In AAs, there were no main or interaction effects of the SNPs on cognitive flexibility. In EAs, the two CLSTN2 SNPs showed no main effect on cognitive flexibility. phosphatase inhibitor However, among EAs, individuals with the KIBRA rs17070145 T allele made significantly more perseverative responses (P = 0.002) and perseverative errors (P = 0.002) than those with no T allele. Furthermore, among EAs with the rs17070145 T allele, current smokers made significantly fewer perseverative responses (P < 0.001) and perseverative errors (P < 0.001) than past smokers. Nongenetic factors (age, education, and tobacco recency) had substantial effects to on cognitive flexibility in both AAs and EAs. We conclude that variation in KIBRA influences cognitive flexibility in a population-specific way, and that current smoking

status moderates this effect. Neuropsychopharmacology (2009) 34, 2508-2516; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.80; published online 15 July 2009″
“The aim of this study was to investigate genetic predictors of an increase in suicidal ideation during treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or a tricyclic antidepressant. A total of 796 adult patients with major depressive disorder who were treated with a flexible dosage of escitalopram or nortriptyline in Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) were included in the sample and provided data on suicidal ideation. Nine candidate genes involved in neurotrophic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways were selected based on previous association studies with suicidal ideation or behavior.