Results Histological analysis confirmed correct electrode/cannula placement in 31 rats: 0.1 μmol/L ISO = 6, 1 μmol/L ISO = 6, 10 μmol/L ISO = 6, 100 μmol/L ISO = 6 and aCSF = 7. The mean of the population spike and the EPSP slope during the 30-min baseline period did not differ between groups and so are reported en totale. The mean population Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical spike amplitude and the mean EPSP slope measurement for the 30-min baseline period prior to ISO infusion were 3.52 ± 1.53 mV and 4.12 ±1.9 mV/ms, respectively. Concentration-dependent effects of intrahippocampal isoproterenol on the perforant path-evoked fEPSP slope The within-group analysis of

the evoked fEPSP slope measurements revealed that only a single concentration of ISO produced long-term effects on the perforant path-evoked fEPSP response. Infusion of 0.1 μmol/L ISO produced a large and persistent depression of fEPSP slope (F41,205 = 11.746; P < 0.00001; n = 6; see Fig. 1B). The onset of depression began during the infusion and persisted Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for the 3-h recording period postinfusion, although diminishing over time. The largest mean decrease, 51% of baseline EPSP slope, occurred 10 min after infusion onset. Figure 1 Intrahippocampal infusion of the

lowest dose ISO produces a robust β-adrenergic receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of the perforant path-dentate Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical gyrus fEPSP slope in anesthetized rats. (A) Infusion of see more vehicle (aCSF;n = 7) … Although 1 μmol/L ISO also appeared to produce a small depression of the fEPSP slope, this effect was not significant (F41,205 = 0.49; P < 0.996; n = 6; see Fig. 1C). Infusion of aCSF vehicle (Fig. 1A) or other ISO concentrations (10 and 100 μmol/L; Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Fig. 1D–E) also failed to alter the evoked fEPSP slope. Between-group analyses of the varying concentrations of ISO revealed a significant interaction (F12,78 = 2.5756; P < 0.006; see Fig. 1F). At 15 min postinfusion, the

fEPSP slope of rats receiving 0.1 μmol/L ISO was lower than that observed after any other concentration or aCSF vehicle. By 110 min postinfusion, the fEPSP slope of the 0.1 μmol/L ISO group was still lower than the aCSF and 10 μmol/L ISO groups. Although the pattern of group differences remained similar, by 180 min unless postinfusion, no differences in fEPSP slope were found among groups. Concentration-dependent effects of intrahippocampal isoproterenol on the perforant path-evoked population spike Graphed data for the intrahippocampal infusions of four concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L) of ISO and the aCSF vehicle on the dentate gyrus evoked population spike are presented in Figure 2. Infusion of the aCSF vehicle (n = 7) did not alter the amplitude of the evoked population spike (Fig. 2A).