“
“Objective: To evaluate the validity of chronic drug exposure presumed from cross-sectional interviews taking reimbursement data as reference.

Study Design and Setting: The study concerned 2,985 elderly persons of the French Three-City cohort (1) who selleck kinase inhibitor were interviewed on current drug use 2 and 4 years after inclusion and (2) whose reimbursement data were obtained from the main health care insurance system. Validity (sensitivity, Se; specificity, Sp; positive predictive value, PPV; negative predictive value,

NPV) of chronic exposure presumed from follow-up interviews was investigated taking two exposure definitions from reimbursements as reference for the period between interviews: at least 80% coverage with and without a maximal time between reimbursements of 60 days.

Results: Using 80% coverage as reference, validity of interview data was substantial

for cardiovascular and antithrombotic drugs (Se, 85.3-95.4%; Sp, 67.1-97.6%; PPV, 65.9-86.6%; NPV, 93.3-99.3%). For benzodiazepines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or analgesics, validity was low especially owing to PPVs (15.8-51.4%).

Conclusion: Using reported use at cross-sectional interviews as a proxy for chronic exposure between interviews was valid for drugs used regularly but not so for drugs used more irregularly. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multimodal endovascular treatment (EVT) other than clot retrieval for acute large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods: Fifty-six consecutive selleck chemical patients with a Selleck GSI-IX median National

Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 15 were included this study. In all cases, intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator had failed (n = 23) or was contraindicated (n = 33). The modes of EVT performed included intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical clot disruption including balloon angioplasty, and stent placement. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment efficacy of these techniques and patient outcome. Results: Successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2B or 3) was achieved in 40 of 56 patients (71.4%), and 26 of 56 patients (46.4%) had a favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0 to 2 at 90 days). Successful reperfusion (odds ratio [OR] 163; P = .003), age (OR 0.83; P = .007), and baseline NIHSS score (OR 0.71; P = .009) were independently associated with favorable clinical outcome by multivariate analysis. Successful reperfusion rates of internal carotid terminus or M1 proximal occlusions were significantly lower than those of other vessel occlusion (47.6% v 85.7%; P = .005). Clinically significant procedure-related complications occurred in 1.8% (1/56), and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 hours after EVT was observed in 5.