More in general, it would be good to develop specific management tools at the Regional level and, at the same time, to enhance a dialog with non-European countries in order to set specific MSY goals within multiannual management plans calibrated on each target species and for each Region in the framework of more general MSY guidelines. But this is difficult to achieve, due to the lack of sufficient scientific data and to the difficult dialog with non-EU third countries. Project partners identify direct resource assessment methods as the most suitable alternative to MSY. Partners stress the

importance to constantly monitor the state of resources this website at the local level, identifying specific indicators that can be used to assess resource state and trends and thus modulate fishing effort. The quota would be proportionally fixed on the trend taken by the resource. Overall, in consideration of the multispecificity of the Mediterranean, discards seems to be especially associated Selleckchem Sirolimus to

bottom trawling, where non-commercial species, damaged species or individuals below legal size are typically thrown back in the sea. Pelagic trawling may also favor discards as a consequence of economic considerations: if daily quota is over crossed, fishermen tend to keep the best fish (bigger anchovies) and discard the other one (with lower commercial value). In general it is thought that a TFC system could increase the practice of discards, as reported also by some authors [40] and [41]. If a non-sellable species is caught with the target species, the “best” choice for a fisherman will be to discard it, unless forced by law to land it. The only effective solution would be to apply TFC to catches rather than to landings, but this would imply much stricter control and surveillance activities on board fishing vessels through an observers program, something which is in general not feasible at the moment in the Mediterranean. Carnitine dehydrogenase In this regard some proposals

of setting up a supply chain to transform discards into fish flour were not approved at Regional level; this was mainly because the use of marine species for the production of fish flour could strongly encourage fishermen to catch as much fish as possible. In the Mediterranean EU countries fisheries rights are usually regulated through a system of licenses released by the State. The overall fishing effort is regulated by reducing the number of licenses through vessel scrapping without allowing new entries. A license authorizes a fishing vessel to catch fish with a specific fishing system (which can include one or more fishing gears). It can be related to the concept of “concession”, but it is not transferable (licenses can only be sold with a fishing vessel or a portion of it) and it is not associated to a quota. In Italy in order to enter the fleet, a license should be purchased.