(c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549131]“
“The addition of folic
acid to the US food supply, along with the critical role of folate in certain health outcomes, has intensified worldwide interest in the bioavailability of folate. Bioavailability is a function of absorptive and postabsorptive processes, which in turn are influenced by diet, individuality, and complex diet-host interactions. As such, it is unlikely that a single bioavailability figure will accurately reflect food folate bioavailability from every diet for every person. Although there is broad agreement that naturally occurring food folate is not as bioavailable as folic acid, questions remain as to the extent of these differences, particularly within the context of a whole diet.
This article 1) summarizes and integrates bioavailability Sonidegib estimates derived from studies that use whole-diet approaches; 2) highlights the influences of genetics, ethnicity-race, and sex as postabsorptive bioavailability modifiers; and 3) discusses the adequacy of the US folate Recommended Dietary Allowance in achieving folate sufficiency in select subpopulations. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1455S-60S.”
“The up-conversion (UC) photoluminescence and ferroelectric properties of signaling pathway Bi4-xErxTi3O12 (BErT) thin films were studied in terms of annealing temperature and Er3+ doping concentration. The thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition method. There are two green emission bands centered at 527 and 548 nm, and a red emission band centered at 663 nm in UC luminescence spectra measured p38 MAPK inhibitor review under a 980 nm laser excitation at room temperature, which correspond to the radiative transitions from H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2), and F-4(9/2) to I-4(15/2), respectively. The quenching concentration of Er3+ ions for green emission was as high as 20 mol % for Bi3.2Er0.8Ti3O12
thin films. The large Er3+ quenching concentration and efficient energy transfer between two neighboring Er3+ ions result in the improved UC emission. The dependence of UC emission intensity on pumping power indicated a two-photon UC emission process in the thin films. The combination of UC emission and ferroelectricity was realized in the capacitors of Pt/Bi3.25Er0.75Ti3O12/Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si. The UC photoluminescent BErT ferroelectric thin films could be potentially applied to integrated optoelectronic devices. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3549836]“
“Iron differs from other minerals because iron balance in the human body is regulated by absorption only because there is no physiologic mechanism for excretion. On the basis of intake data and isotope studies, iron bioavailability has been estimated to be in the range of 14-18% for mixed diets and 5-12% for vegetarian diets in subjects with no iron stores, and these values have been used to generate dietary reference values for all population groups.