62 vs. 70.67, p = 0.02 for ROA). For SOA, Buddhists showed a trend towards higher prevalence than Muslims (47.71 vs. 37.32, p = 0.068). No significant difference was found when the range

of motion and WOMAC scores were compared between the two groups. Muslims had a lower prevalence of OA than their Buddhists counterparts with the same ethnicity but different religious practice. The Muslim way of praying since childhood, forcing the knees into deep flexion, may stretch the soft tissue surrounding the knee and decrease stiffness and contact pressure of the articular cartilage.”
“Acetaldehyde could act as a very effective photoinitiator for water-borne photografting. The photografting of methacrylic acid (MAA) onto polyethylene initiated by acetaldehyde in aqueous solutions

VX-809 cell line was reported. Acetaldehyde had higher photoinitiation efficiency than acetone and formaldehyde. The extent of grafting varied with the acetaldehyde content in the solution and it showed the Staurosporine molecular weight maximum when the content of acetaldehyde was about 10 w/w %. The extent of grafting firstly increased with the increase of monomer concentration till 2 mol/L and then kept constant or slightly decreased. ATR-FTIR characterizations of the grafted samples proved the successful grafting of MAA onto PE, and the calculated carbonyl indexes were in accord with the results obtained by the gravimetric method. The water absorbency of the grafted samples increased almost linearly with the extent of grafting. The difference in the photoinitiation efficiencies of acetaldehyde, acetone and formaldehyde was discussed through their differences in the n-pi* transitions in water and the photoinitiation process. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 629-635, 2011″
“Starch biosynthesis is important during endosperm development. Much has been selleck products known for the regulation of gene expression involved in starch synthesis, less information is available on the genome-wide expression profiles as a consequence of impaired starch synthesis. In this study, we examined the transcriptional responses

through microarray analysis in an ae wx double-mutant with loss-of-function starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) and granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI). Through Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chromatin organization and lipid transport. The DEGs also include alcohol dehydrogenase genes and pyruvate decarboxylase genes involved in sugar metabolism. In summary, the ae wx double mutations caused pleiotropic effects and transcriptional changes for a number of genes involved in metabolism, cellular response and organization. Therefore, a block in starch synthesis triggers transcriptional responses to favour the flux of excess carbohydrates into glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis, but not toward the synthesis of alternative storage compounds.