Comparable proportions of enhancing (57 %) and depressive (43 %) effects were found in the lateral nucleus (LN). The alpha(2) noradrenergic receptor agonist clonidine mimicked the depressive effect of NA on GABA responses in MN and PIN and its enhancing effects in AIN and LN, while the alpha(2) antagonist yohimbine partially blocked these effects. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and antagonist timolol respectively induced and partially blocked

enhancements of GABA responses in all nuclei except for LN, where isoproterenol had a weak depressive effect. It is concluded that NA modulates GABA responses by acting on both alpha(2) and beta receptors. Activation of these receptors appears to be synergistic in the AIN and opposite in the remaining deep nuclei. These results support the hypothesis that the noradrenergic system participates in all the regulatory functions involving the FK228 supplier cerebellum in a specific and differential manner, and suggest that any change in NA content, AZD1480 as commonly observed in ageing or stress, could influence

cerebellar activity.”
“SETTING: National Tuberculosis Program (NTP), Vietnam. OBJECTIVES: To show how the Sustainable Management Development Program (SMDP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created capacity within Vietnam’s NTP to organize a management training program, and to assess the influence of the NTP’s incountry training program on individual and team management practices and the performance of provincial TB control programs.

DESIGN: Eight case studies of participating provincial TB organizations, including cross-case and content analysis.

RESULTS: Participants and their back-home learning 10058-F4 in vitro project teams demonstrated a solid understanding of the concepts taught, particularly evidence-based decision making, problem diagnosis and problem solving, and using teamwork to improve results. They gave multiple examples of how they use these concepts in

their daily work. Project teams exceeded, attained or very nearly attained their target objectives, including improved DOTS implementation. Process improvements had become a routine part of their practice and were often diffused to other districts. Several teams said they now took more initiative in identifying problems and devising solutions. Others said that increased teamwork was improving the commitment of the NTP staff.

CONCLUSION: Management training, including applied projects with coaching, can improve managerial and program performance of NTPs.”
“Objective: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that is potentially useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis in diabetic individuals. However, the mechanism(s) of vitamin C’s anti-atherosclerotic effects in vivo are unresolved, and clinical trials in nondiabetic individuals have yielded conflicting results.