, 2008). Because expression of the sdrP gene was also enhanced by other stresses, cross-protection may occur via SdrP in T. thermophilus HB8. We wish to thank Keiko Sakamoto for the RT-PCR analysis. We also thank Noriko Nakagawa, Aiko Kashihara, Emi Ishido-Nakai, Miwa Ohmori, Kenji Fukui,

Takushi Ooga, Toshiko Miyazaki, and Keiko Sakamoto for their excellent support in the GeneChip analysis, and Kazuko Agari for the excellent support with preparation of the templates for the in vitro transcription assays. Fig. S1. Expression pattern analysis using DNA microarray data. Fig. S2. Identification of the transcriptional start site. Table S1. GEO accession numbers and experimental conditions for the DNA microarray dataset. Table S2. Oligonucleotides used in MK-1775 this study. Table S3. Number of genes correlated with sdrP

gene in each COGs category. Table S4. Genes exhibiting Spearman’s correlation coefficients, as to the sdrP gene, of ≥0.50. Table S5. Genes exhibiting Spearman’s correlation coefficients as to the sdrP gene, of ≤-0.50. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. “
“Four bacterial strains capable of growing in the presence of tannic acid as sole carbon and energy source were isolated from olive mill waste mixtures. 16S rRNA gene AZD1208 sequencing assigned them to the genus Klebsiella. The most efficient strain, Klebsiella sp. strain C2A, was able to degrade 3.5 g L−1 tannic acid within 35 h with synthesizing gallic acid as main product. The capability of Klebsiella sp. strain C2A to produce tannase was evidenced at high concentrations of tannic acid up to 50 g L−1. The bacteria adapted to the toxicity of tannic acids by an increase in the membrane lipid fatty acids degree of saturation, especially in the presence of concentrations higher than 20 g L−1. The highly tolerant and adaptable bacterial strain characterized in this study Tobramycin could be used in bioremediation processes of

wastes rich in polyphenols such as those derived from olive mills, winery or tanneries. “
“The present study was conducted to test the ability of probiotic lactobacilli to alter age-related immunosenescence in host animals. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 mice were orally fed heat-killed Lactobacillus gasseriTMC0356 (TMC0356) for 4 and 8 weeks at dosages of 10 mg day−1 after a 16-week period of prefeeding with a standard diet. After 4 and 8 weeks of TMC0356 intervention, splenic activation of natural killer (NK) cells and mRNA expression of cytokines and other immune molecules in the lungs were analysed. After 4 and 8 weeks, splenic NK cell activities were significantly higher in the TMC0356-fed mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05).