Nonetheless, these data do identify AEs that clinicians may encounter when managing these patients. Thus, the findings presented here may help guide clinicians when paliperidone palmitate is considered an appropriate treatment of choice for these patients. Acknowledgements Editorial

Idelalisib chemical structure support was provided by Susan Ruffalo, PharmD, MedWrite, Inc., Newport Coast, California. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of J. Thomas Haskins, PhD of Johnson & Johnson PRD, Titusville, New Jersey in the development of these analyses. All authors provided assistance and direction in the data collection and analysis of this study, and in the preparation of the manuscript. These data Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical were presented at the American Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, 22–26 May 2010. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00590577). Funding This research was funded by Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, USA. Conflicts of interest statement Drs Alphs, Fu, Bossie, and Sliwa are employees of Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, and Dr Ma

is an employee of Johnson and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (PRD), Titusville, New Jersey.

The use of melatonin as a hypnotic in the elderly is not new [Fainstein et al. 1997]. Despite this, melatonin Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical has been struggling to find an appropriate therapeutic niche for some time now. Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone secreted by the pineal gland located in the centre of the brain, between the laterally positioned thalamic bodies. It is biosynthesized from tryptophan via serotonin, and its diverse functions include restoration of circadian rhythmicity Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (physiological sleep onset and regulation of wake—sleep cycle), cyclic hormone release and regulation of the immune system to name a few [Jansen et al. 2006]. We report a

case of its use in an 88-year-old, blind female with dementia. The female concerned was admitted for long-term residential care in June 2006 from a tertiary referral hospital, following a fall and subsequent hip replacement. Comorbidities included end-stage glaucoma, advanced dementia (aetiology unspecified) and hypertension. Over a period of 4 years, the patient gradually decompensated with complete loss of AV-951 vision, and became fully dependent for activities of daily living. Several admission medications, which included rivastigmine and amisulpride, had been discontinued. Regular medications by September 2010 included quetiapine for behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with her dementia (an unlicensed indication), zopiclone and aspirin. Nurses described overt disturbance of her wake—sleep pattern associated with restlessness, wakefulness and nighttime vocalization, resulting in sleep disruption to other residents.