10058 F4 was kindly provided by Dr. Steven Metallo. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Western blot analysis Total protein was isolated from cells following 48 h treatment or vehicle control for protein analysis as previously described. The following antibodies were used MYC, MA , NBR1, p62 SQSTM1, GRP78, IRE1, phospho JNK, JNK, CHOP, cleaved Caspase 7, LC3B, p62 SQSTM1, selleck chem inhibitor GLS, GLUL, BCL2, BP1s B actin and B tubulin. Cell growth, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and reactive species assays For determination of cell number, cells were plated in 96 well plates at 5 103 cells well. At 24 h, cells were treated with specified drugs for 48 h. After treatment, media were removed, and plates were stained with a solution containing 0. 5% crystal violet and 25% methanol, rinsed, dried overnight, and resuspended in citrate buffer.

Inten sity of staining, assessed at 570 nm and quantified using a VMa kinetic microplate reader, is directly proportional to cell number. For apoptosis and necrosis, cells were treated for 48 h, and stained with an Anne in V fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide, respectively. Autophagy was detected by detecting SQSTM1 p62 and LC3II proteins by Western blotting. For the reactive species assay, cellular levels of total reactive species were deter mined using the Total ROS detection kit and measured by Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resources. Cell cycle analysis Cells were cultured at 60 80% confluence in growth medium for 24 h. The following day, cells were treated with vehicle, ICI, and or 10058 F4 for an additional 72 h.

Cells were then fi ed in ethanol, and analyzed by the Flow Cytometry Shared Resource ac cording to the method of Vindelov et al. Transfection with siRNA or cDNA Cells were plated at 60 80% confluence. 5 uM MYC siRNA, 10 GLS1, GRP78, IRE1a or BP1 or their respective control siRNA, were transfected using the TransIT siQUEST transfection reagent. At 48 h, 100 nM ICI or vehicle was added to the siRNA transfected cells. For MYC overe pression, pcDNA3 MYC was purchased from Addgene and tranfected with TransIT 2020. Cells were lysed at 48 h post transfection and subjected to Western blot analysis or cell number assay as described above. Transcription promoter reporter assays Cells were transfected with 0. 4 ug of MYC luciferase re porter plasmid from Addgene and 0.

1 ug pCMV Renilla per well using the TransIT 2020 transfection reagent. Activation of the luci ferase constructs was measured at 48 h post transfection using the Dual Luciferase Assay Kit. Luciferase values were normalized to Renilla luminescence. Three in dependent e periments were performed in quadruplicate. Data are presented as the mean SE for all e periments. Orthotopic enografts AV-951 in athymic mice Five week old ovariectomized athymic nude mice were injected orthotopically with 1. 0 106 LCC1 LCC9 cells in 50% Matrigel into mammary fat pads.