The 1-year and 3-year posttransplant survival rates in haemophilic recipients, 71% (95% CI:26–92%) and 38% (95% CI:6–72%), were similar to rates in non-haemophilic candidates, 66% (95% CI:44–80%) and 53% (95% CI:32–70%), respectively. The median time to graft loss was also not different between haemophilic and non-haemophilic transplant recipients, 1.29 years vs. 0.73 years, P = 0.80 (Fig. 1b). The 1-year and 3-year cumulative rates of treated rejection in haemophilic transplant recipients were 14% (95% CI:2–67%) and 36% (95% CI:10–85%), Selleckchem Alectinib whereas those in non-haemophilic transplant recipients were 36% (95%CI:21–59%)

and 43% (95%CI:25–66%), respectively. The median time to treated rejection also was not statistically different between haemophilic and non-haemophilic transplant recipients, 0.75 years vs. 0.02 years, P = 0.77 (Fig. 1c). Among transplant candidates who did not undergo transplantation, including 8 of 15 (53.3%) haemophilic and 62 of 89 (69.7%) non-haemophilic candidates, Table 2, significantly fewer haemophilic candidates remain alive, 3 (37.5%) vs. 49 (79.0%), P = 0.03 (Fig 2a). The haemophilic group was more likely than their non-haemophilic Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor counterparts to die before receiving a transplant, 5 of 15 (33.3%) vs.

13 of 89 (14.6%), and more quickly, with a median time to death of 0.07 years in those with haemophilia vs. 0.42 years Pyruvate dehydrogenase in non-haemophilic subjects, P = 0.03, (Fig. 2a). The causes of pretransplant deaths were similar between groups, and included sepsis and multi-organ failure (Table 2). The median time to transplant, as measured by time on the transplant waiting list, was marginally longer in haemophilic as compared with non-haemophilic candidates, 0.15 years vs. 0.03 years, P = 0.15 (Fig. 2b). The median time to MELD = 25, as measured in time on the transplant

waiting list with MELD <25, was marginally shorter in haemophilic subjects, 0.01 years vs. 0.7 years, P = 0.06 (Fig. 2c). In univariate proportional hazards models for pretransplant mortality, including haemophilia status and baseline factors (Table 1), having haemophilia, HR = 3.0, P = 0.04, and higher baseline MELD score, HR = 1.2, P < 0.0001, were significantly associated with increased risk of pretransplant death. In the multivariate model, higher baseline MELD score was significantly associated with increased risk of pretransplant death, HR = 1.2 (95% CI:1.1–1.3), P < 0.0001, whereas being haemophilic was marginally associated with increased risk of pretransplant death, HR = 3.6 (95% CI:1.0–13.5), P = 0.06. When the time-to-event and proportional hazards models analyses were rerun using a male-only control, results remain unchanged (data not shown). This study confirms that HIV/HCV co-infected individuals with haemophilia experience poorer pretransplant outcomes than co-infected individuals without haemophilia.