In model 2, high levels of LDL-c were associated with lower maternal education (PR = 0.43; p = 0.003), higher BMI (PR = 2.23; p = 0.003), and low frequency of intake of the ‘mixed diet’ dietary pattern (PR = 2.30; p = 0.004). In this analysis, high levels of TC and low HDL-c were not associated with any variable. Kinase Inhibitor Library Of the 281 children in the original cohort, 232 (82.56%) were included in the study. The loss of 17.33% during follow-up was due to families moving away from the area (n = 37; 75.51%), incorrect addresses (n = 8, 16.33%); and family refusal to participate (n = 4; 8.16%). Five parents did

not allow their children to provide blood samples, so this study presents results for the remaining 227 preschoolers. The findings of the present study are important warnings that dyslipidemia is part of a worrying reality that needs to be investigated at an early age, such as during preschool. Furthermore, these findings corroborate studies that have

shown an increase in the number of cases of this disorder in Brazilian children and adolescents.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 Is important to mention that the some publications4, 5 and 6 about alterations in lipid profiles in Brazilian children and adolescents used cutoff points proposed by the NCEP21 and recommendations by the III Brazilian guidelines on dyslipidemia,1 and others7, 8, 9 and 10 used the 1st Brazilian guideline for prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence (IDPAIA)31 Some international publications on this topic have described how Liothyronine Sodium alterations in the lipid profiles of children are also a reality in other countries,13, 14, selleck kinase inhibitor 15, 17, 33, 34, 35 and 36 but at much lower prevalence than in research reported in Brazil and in the present study. In this study, the higher prevalence of alterations in lipid profiles was found to be associated with low levels of HDL-c and high levels of LDL-c. These lipoproteins are involved, respectively, in the

protection against and formation of atherosclerosis. Individuals with low levels of HDL-c have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis because this lipoprotein is responsible for various actions that contribute to protection against atherosclerosis.1 LDL-c is the main atherogenic lipoprotein; its oxidation is the key mechanism in the pathophysiology of an atheroma. Individuals with high levels of LDL-c may present with early clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. It is worth mentioning that the lipid profile of children in this study was classified according to the category “increased” on the IDPAIA,31 which favored a higher prevalence of low HDL-c. The IDPAIA uses a raised cutoff point for this lipoprotein. This cutoff point may be inappropriate for this age group, since high levels of HDL-c occur in the presence of increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity, which are characteristics that are difficult to achieve in this age group.