MIRU-VNTR are present in diverse metabolic or regulatory systems,

MIRU-VNTR are present in diverse metabolic or regulatory systems, as part of synthesis or degradation of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, energy production, or signal

transduction [18]. For our part, Semaxanib clinical trial because we did not have access to the genome of M. intracellulare other than in contig format, we were not able to measure the location of the MIRU-VNTR in inter- or intragenic regions. In this study, we did not have evidence of a particular distribution of MIRU-VNTR polymorphism according to clinical situation. To date, publications on the virulence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria are preliminary. Genotyping using the MIRU-VNTR technique could offer the opportunity for better classification of strains, and could be used for to research on virulence mechanisms in non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Conclusions This study allowed us to describe selleck products seven MIRU-VNTR markers, applicable in the typing of M. intracellulare.

The loci in this MIRU-VNTR assay were highly discriminating check details and stable over time. MIRU-VNTR typing could be used for molecular epidemiological studies of M. intracellulare strains. Furthermore, data obtained by MLVA could be shared in a web database for M. intracellulare, as has already been done for other bacterial species. Acknowledgements This research was supported by internal funding. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors would like to thank Geneviève Raud for the technical assistance. References 1. Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al.: An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007, 175:367–416.PubMedCrossRef 2. Dailloux M,

Abalain ML, Laurain C, Lebrun L, Loos-Ayav C, Lozniewski A, Maugein J, French Mycobacteria Study Group: Respiratory infections associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria in non-HIV patients. Eur Respir Bay 11-7085 J 2006, 28:1211–5.PubMedCrossRef 3. Han XY, Tarrand JJ, Infante R, Jacobson KL, Truong M: Clinical significance and epidemiologic analyses of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare among patients without AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 2005, 43:4407–12.PubMedCrossRef 4. Field SK, Fisher D, Cowie RL: Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in patients without HIV infection. Chest 2004, 126:566–81.PubMedCrossRef 5. Picardeau M, Vincent V: Typing of Mycobacterium avium isolates by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:389–392.PubMed 6. Bull TJ, Sidi-Boumedine K, McMinn EJ, Stevenson K, Pickup R, Hermon-Taylor J: Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) differentiate Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from other species of the Mycobacterium avium complex . Mol Cell Probes 2003, 17:157–64.PubMedCrossRef 7. Thibault VC, Grayon M, Boschiroli ML, et al.

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