The most commonly identified health problems were related to diabetes management, worsening of reflux or other chronic gastrointestinal complaints, difficulties with blood pressure control, exacerbation of mental health issues, and worsening of chronic pain complaints. Two patients required inpatient admission after return to the United States, one patient presented with a congestive heart failure exacerbation and the other with new-onset

atrial fibrillation in the setting of a hypertensive crisis. Both patients had been nonadherent Erastin concentration to antihypertensive medications during travel. By contrast, 34 patients (31%) reported a health problem that was new and not related to a chronic condition diagnosed prior to travel. Of these, 24 (22%) patients experienced an infection; most commonly, respiratory tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections. There were no reported hospitalizations in this group. A linear regression model using age of patient, duration of travel,

travel destination, number of medications before travel, documented nonadherence to medications, and whether chronic disease management was discussed as part of pre-travel counseling found that the number of medications Ion Channel Ligand Library taken before travel was associated with increased likelihood of a health problem related to a chronic condition. Patients were categorized as taking a small (0–3), moderate (4–6), large (7–10), or very large (>10) number of medications. For each increase in category, the odds of experiencing a health problem related to a chronic medical condition increased by 4.13-fold. A comparison of markers of chronic disease management before and after travel is described in Table 4. It did not reveal any statistically

significant changes, except for an average increase in DBP of 3.6 mmHg among patients with hypertension (p = 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that travel to Africa and reported nonadherence to medications were associated with worsening blood pressure PJ34 HCl control. Patients traveling to Africa experienced an increase in both SBP (131.8 ± 16 vs 138.1 ± 17.7, 95% CI [−12.87, 0.34]) and DBP (70.6 ± 10.4 vs 74.9 ± 8.7, 95% CI [−8.28, –0.39]) when values before and after travel were compared. Travel to Asia was not associated with worsening of blood pressure. Patients traveling to Africa also experienced a decrease in BMI (29.1 ± 2.8 vs 28.6 ± 3.3, 95% CI [0.04, 0.80]). Patients who were nonadherent to medications during travel, not surprisingly, also had an increase in both SBP (130.0 ± 16.3 vs 135.1 ± 17.8, 95% CI [−9.86, –0.56]) and DBP (69.2 ± 9.7 vs 73.2 ± 10.0, 95% CI [−6.45,–1.72]). On average, patients included in this study took the same amount of chronic medications before and after travel, 7 ± 4 medications. Sixty percent of patients reported nonadherence to one or more prescribed medications during travel.