(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 2813-2819, 2010″
“What is the underlying mechanism behind the

fat-tailed statistics observed for species abundance distributions? The two main hypotheses in the field are the adaptive (niche) theories, where species abundance reflects its fitness, and the neutral theory that assumes demographic stochasticity as the main factor determining community structure. Both explanations suggest quite similar species-abundance distributions, but very different histories: niche scenarios assume that a species population in the past was similar to the observed one, while neutral scenarios are characterized by strongly fluctuating populations. Since the genetic variations within a population depend on its abundance in the past, we present here a way to discriminate between the theories using the genetic diversity of noncoding DNA. A statistical test, based on the Fu-Li method, has been developed and enables find more such a differentiation. We have analyzed the results gathered from individual-based simulation of both types of histories Z-IETD-FMK cell line and obtained clear distinction between the Fu-Li statistics

of the neutral scenario and that of the niche scenario. Our results suggest that data for 10-50 species, with approximately 30 sequenced individuals for each species, may allow one to distinguish between these two theories.”
“A method is developed to analyze the existence and behavior of piezoelectric Love waves in a multilayered structure consisting of a piezoelectric substrate and multiple elastic layers which are isotropic, nonpiezoelectric materials. The acoustic waves and electric fields in the substrate and the layers Elafibranor order are investigated. A general dispersion equation is derived to describe the existence of Love surface waves with respect to phase velocity as a function of normalized layer thickness. An iteration formula for XN is introduced

to describe the mechanical action between the layers and the substrate at the interface. Another formula for (epsilon) over bar (LN), the equivalent permittivity of the wave-guide layers, is produced to describe the electric fields in the layers. The dispersion equation including a mass loading on the surface of the top layer is deduced, and a formula for calculating the mass sensitivity of the phase velocity is presented. We also find the dispersion equation with an electric shorted interface and introduce a formula for calculating the electromechanical coupling coefficient K-2. Numerical results illustrate the phase velocity, the mass sensitivity of the phase velocity and the electromechanical coupling coefficient as functions of the normalized layer thickness for the Love waves in a layered structure with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer and a sputtered SiO2 layer on a 90 rotated ST-cut quartz (ST-quartz) substrate. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.