, 2006) It would be useful to have a standard measure that is

, 2006). It would be useful to have a standard measure that is

as brief as possible and has proven validity. This paper reports on the validation of such a measure using a large population sample. Three published studies have examined associations between measures of motivation to quit and quit attempts prospectively in population samples in the absence of interventions (Borland et al., 2010, West et al., 2001 and Zhou et al., 2009). Many other studies have examined the predictive validity of measures of motivation to stop in clinical samples or in the context of interventions studies (for example: Biener and Abrams, 1991, Boardman et al., 2005, Crittenden et al., 1994, Hughes et al., Ipatasertib ic50 2005, Ong et al., 2005 and Sciamanna et al., 2000). Others have examined the predictive value of measures of “stage of change” which incorporates past quitting behavior and so conflates motivation and previous action (Cancer Prevention Research Center, 2012 and DiClemente et al., 1991). It also represents a very broad classification in pre-quit stages and has been found to have low temporal stability (Hughes

et al., 2005). For the purposes of evaluating a standard scale for population samples, reports of associations in clinical and intervention studies cannot be used. The three relevant prospective studies found moderate associations between measured motivation and subsequent quit attempts but no attempt learn more was made to define a function relating scores on the measures and the behavioral outcome (Borland et al., 2010, West et al., 2001 and Zhou et al., 2009). Key elements of motivation include beliefs about what one should do, and both desire and intention to act in a particular way (West, 2005). In relation to motivation to stop smoking, it has been found that intention oxyclozanide and desire to stop are predictive of quit attempts while belief alone that one should stop is not (Smit et al., 2011). A simple rating scale has been constructed that incorporates all of these components: the Motivation To Stop Scale (MTSS). This scale was developed for use in large scale

tracking surveys by RW in collaboration with the English Department of Health and Central Office of Information. It should provide an ordinal measure of motivation to stop smoking which would allow assessment of all the relevant aspects of motivation. It is important to note that this rating specifically includes intention, desire and belief into a single item with the expectation that this will provide the most cost-efficient possible measure. Splitting the constructs into two or three items would double the cost and for large surveys this could represent a substantial decrease in cost-efficiency. This study assessed the predictive validity of the MTSS by examining associations between scores on the scale and incidence of attempts to stop smoking in the subsequent 6 months.

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