The peak amplitude of RON was larger to voice as compared to music deviants over BVD-523 supplier midline (F1,34 = 8.78, P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.205) and mid-lateral (F1,34 = 7.508,

P = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.181) sites, with a trend in the same direction over lateral sites (F1,34 = 3.102, P = 0.087, ηp2 = 0.084), pointing to a greater ease at overcoming distraction when deviants were vocal as compared with musical in nature. Lastly, the mean amplitude of RON was significantly larger over the right as compared with the left hemisphere in lateral sites (F1,34 = 21.238, P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.384), with a trend in the same direction in mid-lateral sites (F1,34 = 3.683, P = 0.063, ηp2 = 0.098). To determine whether an enhanced N1 is correlated with behavioral measures Sorafenib chemical structure of musical expertise, we examined a connection between the N1 peak amplitude and the following measures: onset of musical training, years of musical training, MAP scores, self-rated musical proficiency and the number of hours listening to music per week. The N1 peak amplitude averages were calculated for midline, mid-lateral and lateral sites for

each participant. Separate regression analyses were performed between each of the above behavioral measures and the N1 average for each scalp area. Because the amplitude of N1 was significantly smaller in response to standards compared with deviants [probably due to the refractoriness of the neurons responding to repeating standard sounds (Näätänen & Picton, 1987)], we conducted separate regression analyses on N1 to standards and on N1 to deviants. All reported P values are two-tailed. In the NAT condition, individuals with higher self-rated musical proficiency had a significantly larger N1 peak amplitude to both music and voice deviants over the mid-lateral (music deviants, r = 0.371, Lonafarnib in vivo P = 0.026; voice deviants, r = 0.338, P = 0.044) and midline (music deviants, r = 0.351, P = 0.036; voice deviants, r = 0.342, P = 0.041) sites, with a trend in the same direction over the lateral sites (music deviants, r = 0.315, P = 0.061; voice deviants, r = 0.281, P = 0.097).

Additionally, the N1 elicited by music deviants was larger over the lateral sites (r = 0.357, P = 0.032) in individuals with higher MAP scores. A relationship between the N1 peak amplitude to voice deviants and MAP scores showed a similar trend (r = 0.291, P = 0.085). None of the results in the ROT condition reached significance. In the NAT condition, individuals with higher self-rated musical proficiency had a significantly larger N1 peak amplitude to both music and voice standards over the midline (music standards, r = 0.335, P = 0.046; voice standards, r = 0.402, P = 0.015) and mid-lateral (music standards, r = 0.331, P = 0.049; voice standards r = 0.385, P = 0.02) sites. Individuals with higher MAP scores had a larger N1 to voice standards (r = 0.342, P = 0.041) and a marginally larger N1 to music standards (r = 0.295, P = 0.081) over the lateral sites.