Furthermore, Egger’s test indicated the absence of potential publ

Furthermore, Egger’s test indicated the absence of potential publication bias. The members of the disciplinary team manage the medication delivery system

and as a result, they become involved in medication errors of pediatric patients. A medication error is not the direct result of a sole member of the disciplinary team’s misconduct, and the accusation of that person should not be pursued or recognized as a reward for reporting the error. The awareness of the existence of medication errors in clinical daily practice, as well as the interactive nature of the medication use process, with the participation of all members of the disciplinary team, leads to a better understanding of the errors. Consequently, the results of this

meta-analysis offer useful information for healthcare professionals, as they provide the opportunity of understanding the nature and frequency of medication buy GDC-0199 errors, and the ability to re-evaluate and improve the medication process. Furthermore, the existence of integrated error rates, related to medication errors in pediatric patients, can contribute to the understanding of the nature, frequency, and consequences of medication errors, as well as the necessity of the development of Endocrinology antagonist medication error reduction strategies, staff education, and clinical protocols and guidelines. The evaluation of the heterogeneity and the identification of its causes constitute parallel limitations of this meta-analysis. The selection of the studies solely published in English was a limitation, as well as the heterogeneity of the studies. The heterogeneity emanates from the variety of the studies’ characteristics. Initially, the different error

definition, as previously mentioned, complicated the studies’ grouping. Another reason was the different conditions under which each study took place. Emergency departments, for example, represented higher prescribing error rates,22, 27, 29 and 33 while pediatric intensive care units Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and neonatal intensive care units presented high rates in all types of medication errors.11, 16, 17, 18, 25, 31, 32, 34 and 36 There was also a variation in the studies’ design (cohort, randomized controlled trial, cross-sectional, retrospective, interventional), as well as in the age groups that took part in each study. Some of the age groups, such as neonates, may be more vulnerable to medication errors than preschool or school age children, due to their organic prematurity, the very small amounts of therapeutic drug doses, or their serious clinical condition. The denominators that each study used for the determination of error frequency vary. Certain studies used handwritten orders or computerized orders as denominators, while others were based on drug administrations.

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